Polynomial function Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Polynomial function - Assignment Example Conclusion: It is clear that the prediction about that nonic expression is true. The graph will remain the same till the infinite value of x. however, graph is not a straight inclined line, and thus hypothesis is not perfectly true. A part of the hypothesis is true as the graph of the nonic function is each case passes through the origin and lay in two quadrants. Moreover hypothesis is also true that it ranges from -∞ to +∞; however, the graph of the nonic function is not always a straight line. The graph may have three turning points and do not always remain a straight line. However, it will always remain in two quadrants. It is not possible to attain a solution for the nonic degree polynomial expressions with the methods developed and designed to solve the lower degree polynomial expressions. On the other hand, calculation by researchers and mathematicians are done only up to sixth degree polynomial expressions. The solution of nonic degree polynomial involves the algebraic comparison with the symbolic equation of similar degree. The first step of the solution is the decomposition of the nonic degree expression in novel manner. The two factors attained as the result of decomposition of nonic degree expressions are fourth degree polynomial expression and other is fifth degree polynomial expression. The decompositions and factorization method that we will involve in the solution of nonic degree expressions will eventually give expression that can be solved in radicals

Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Social Responsibility Essay Economy is a main component is of having a healthy society not suffering from unemployment and inflation. How is it possible to have social responsible executives acting as agents and not as political officials? (Freidman, 1970). †¢The role of the government is to set a balance between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Thus, there must be a set of regulations on corporate executives in order not play the role of an elected political official and by not having the complete control in navigating the economy through inflation or deflation. †¢Thus, as indicated by Freidman (1970), this is the basic reason why the doctrine of social responsibility involves the acceptance of the socialist view that political mechanisms, not market mechanisms, are the appropriate way to determine the allocation of scarce resources to alternative uses.(p.3) †¢Therefore, Friedman shares this concept with Cohen in relation to managers and critical leadership of executives. †¢In relation to which aligns best with green environment? Friedman, Cohen and Drucker concepts align with the current business climate promoting a safe environment. What differs is in relation to how far the balance is applied between the social responsibility of a corporate executive and by taking the role of government officials in controlling the economy. †¢Drucker explained the role which must be played by the businessmen in relation to public good, knowing the fact that governments are incapable of completing all obligations. Thus, the question arises: how far is the limit set on corporate executives? The question is crucial in order to avoid the consequences of what Freidman (1975) indicates: †He becomes in effect a public employee, a civil servant, even though he remains in name an employee of a private enterprise.†(p.3) †¢The problem arises when benefits and profits conflicts with the environmental protection. †¢The negligence towards the environment is justified by the reliance on the technological advancement of the future which will heal any damage committed nowadays by companies. Thus, is it justifiable to increase the benefits of a company even though its profits are aimed at supporting ecofriendly technological advancements? †¢Furthermore, statements such as indicated by (Freeman, York and St ewart, 2008), â€Å"Maybe global warming is a simple weather pattern that will reverse in five years.† (p.5) could be justified through scientific evidence conducted by companies having interest in neglecting the environment and increasing its profits. Thus, the critical leadership as indicated above by Drucker in relation to corporate executives is being fulfilled towards the companies interests as well the environment. †¢In addition, lobbying plays a huge role in political campaigns and elections which can surpass the socialist view of freidman by having leaders of private enterprise supporting candidates solely for their economic advantages and neglecting environmental protective policies whether through the national or international level. Cohen, W. A. (2009). What Drucker taught us about social responsibility. Leader To Leader 51, 29-34 http://proxy1.ncu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=35755461site=ehost-live Beebe, G. (2012). Character formation. Leadership Excellence, 29, (6), 20 http://proxy1.ncu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=76463146site=ehost-live Drucker, P.(1981). What is business ethics? Public Interest, 63, 18-36 http://www.nationalaffairs.com/doclib/20080708_1981632whatisbusinessethicspeterfdrucker.pdf Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business to increase its profits. New York Times 32-33, 122-124, 126 http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html

The Perception of Change :: Transportation, Driving, Change Blindness

You can miss obvious signs while driving because your mind was wandering, listening to the radio, talking on your cell phone, or even talking to the passenger in your car. Change blindness is the difficulty noticing large changes in your visual senses that are normally easy to be seen (Simon, 2005 ). A main factor in change blindness is attention which is needed to see change (Simon, 2005). The perception of a change occurs when the attention is on the object being changed (Rensink, 1997). Changes to items in a central location are easier to detect than objects elsewhere and the objects that are in the same physical distance (Simon, 2005). Your attention can be distributed to 4-5 items at a time but only detect one change at that moment which is called change simultagnosia (Simon, 2005). Inattentional blindness was first studied by Ulric Neisser and his colleagues in the 1970s. Their study involved subjects viewing an attention-demanding task video where groups of players passing a ball. Subjects were asked to watch one group pass the ball back and forth while ignoring the other group who passed the ball. While this was taking place a woman carrying an umbrella walked through the scene which many subjected failed to notice (Simon, 2010). Simons and Chabris replicated this experiment by using a woman dressed in a gorilla suit that stopped in the middle of the video and thumped its chest for 9 seconds and only 50% of viewers noticed. The gorilla video is a well-known video on visual awareness with about 90% of people say they would notice the gorilla. A new video was later made in front of a green screen so that they could change the color of the curtain behind the event taking place. They had the gorilla walk through the scene stopped and faced the camera while he thumped his chest then left the scene. The curtain colored changed along with a player of the black team left the scene (Simons, 2010). (Beck, 2001) Detecting visual change in the environment is important and it is reported that people are poor when detecting the change during a screen flicker which causes the blindness to occur. When you divide your attention between two tasks you pay less attention to the second one than the primary task (Beck, 2001).

Women in the Developing World Essay example -- Female Females Women Es

Women in the Developing World Studies of political and economic change in the developing worlds usually say little or nothing about women’s issues. In the past two decades, two factors have contributed to the new understanding of women in developing nations: the emergence of feminist or gender-related social science research and the growing awareness by policy planners that women play an important role in the modernization process. Third world women, just as woman in industrialized nations, are largely represented in particular occupations. The majority work in agricultural employment or jobs that are unregulated by the state, such as street vendors and small businesses. Similarly, as in industrialized nations, Third World professional women are over-represented in such professions as nursing and teaching. Divisions between women’s and men’s work have obvious economic and political implications. Evidence of gender inequality and exploitation of women exist in most societies, yet some of the worst cases are found in the developing world. The murder of some five thousand woman annually in India by dissatisfied husbands; the enslavement of women working in Pakistan’s brick-making industry; wife beatings in Zambia and the Andes; and the sale of child brides are only a few of the many instances of women’s subservient status in many Third World countries. Less dramatic examples of gender inequality include divorce laws that favor husbands; the restricted opportunities for women’s employment in universities, the professions, and higher-paid blue collar jobs; and the double clay that woman must frequently face (coming home from a long day’s work and having to do all the housework and child care). After years of neglect, man... ...dership positions. The Third World is surely no exception. During the mid-1980’s, women constituted only six percent of the national legislators in Africa and only two percent of all cabinet members. Throughout the developing world, United Nations surveys repeatedly show that even in countries where women are active professionally, their level of responsibility as policy-makers and planners is low. Analysis reveals that the political and economic status of Third World women is anything but uniform. Their position varies considerably from region to region and country to country. Within individual countries, the condition of women differs according to their social classes or ethnicity. Three factors seem most relevant in this regard: the prevailing cultural values, a region or nation’s level of socioeconomic modernization, and the type of political regime in place.

Impact Of Climate Change On Insurance

Change in clime is emerging up as a new type of issue in the security facet because of the manner it affects both the life and the wellbeing of homo ‘s in a extremely interconnected and delicate universe. ( Evans, 1994, 107-128 ) Changing clime is going a menace to the basic public assistance and survival demands of worlds across the Earth, including the production of nutrient, wellness, entree to H2O and the use of land. Environmental want lifting from different sorts of economical activities of worlds has increased the strength and frequence of natural catastrophes throughout the universe. Around the universe, there has ever been natural development in the conditions and clime events. In fact, the insurance companies have become experts in patterning the black hazards which has now become an integrated instrument in the insurance industry. This has helped a figure of concerns to digest the losingss from unexpected natural catastrophes without of import defaults. This has now led to the fact that insurance companies have become more refined in analysing, managing and understanding their recent hazards because of their natural catastrophes around the universe. Many of the companies in United Kingdom are observed to be bettering in pull offing and measuring their ways of covering with the hereafter tendencies and hazards of the industry. As a figure of UK insurance companies have started to observe it, depending on their old conditions conditions and forms for be aftering out schemes for future. For this, they must place the chance of losingss and additions related to endure conditions. The impact of clime alteration is on a really broad scope from increased sum of hurricanes, fires and inundations to wellness and life acquiring affected by altering forms of hot and cold conditions. ( Evans, 1994, 107-128 ) Physical impacts ‘ consequence on insurance companies: Companies of insurance and reinsurance are likely to confront the strong impact of the alterations in clime more than other parts of the fiscal concerns. There are a figure of illustrations where it is seen that that how highly upwind status can impact the insurance companies, the authorities and the sectors at catchers. Whilst there are illustrations of how the conditions alterations are impacting the insurance industry because of the flexibleness of the insurance sector, in other ways it is rather good positioned in accommodating the alterations in conditions events and forms. ( David, 2007, 28-38 ) Menace of clime alteration for insurance industry: The chief menace that is confronting the insurance industry is climate alteration. This menace affects both belongings and casualty insurance that the insurance people. Another concern: the two sectors will hold to accommodate to demographic alteration that is looming. This emerges from a survey by Ernst & A ; Young, in coaction with Oxford Analytica. Ernst & A ; Young has compiled a top 10 list of menaces that will face insurance companies after questioning 20 industry leaders worldwide. Harmonizing to Ernst & A ; Young, clime alteration tops the list because planetary heating is altering the clime and increases the likeliness of claims originating from inundations, hurricanes and other natural phenomena. â€Å" I ‘m non certain the industry is poised to get by with clime alteration, warned Tom Kornya, a spouse at Ernst & A ; Young, in an interview with Insurance Journal. Five old ages ago, this hazard was non even on the list. â€Å" Mr. Kornya adds that non merely the sector of harm insurance that will be affected by clime alteration, life insurance should besides cover with it sooner or later. Damage will come to insurance when clime alteration will ensue in air current storms and inundations. In life insurance, the effects will be gradual. With temperatures that may alter, life insurance companies will confront new jobs in wellness and mortality. So there could be different types of losingss. â€Å" The underwriting of these merchandises is dining and no 1 has yet measured that cause clime alteration. The success of the industry will travel through the development of advanced merchandises, which will confront great uncertainness, such as typing velocity and badness of clime alteration, â€Å" he said. The 2nd hazard that the industry faces is the demographic alteration with the reaching of the babe boomers retire, ensuing in new demands. Insurance companies would be under great force per unit area, they will necessitate to replace authoritiess. ( Rober, 2010, 34-33 ) In add-on to the force per unit area generated by this new function, insurance companies will besides cover than their rivals. â€Å" Banks, common fund companies and all fiscal establishments will fight to acquire the same dollar. There is a hazard at that place excessively. Insurance companies must stay advanced with their merchandises to maintain the advantage, â€Å" says Kornya. ( Rober, 2010, 34-33 ) â€Å" The environment in which insurance companies and pattern is invariably altering rapidly, † said Tom Kornya. We find that consumers are looking for simple, low cost merchandises and others who want more complex merchandises that are besides more expensive. A company that will non hold a multichannel entree could fall into the background if it does non utilize Internet, media and telephone. â€Å" The last two menaces on the list of the top 10 hazards of Ernst & A ; Young are the legal uncertainnesss and the possibility of geopolitical or macroeconomic perturbations. In the first instance, answerability and reform in footings of offense could take to fiscal losingss. For the 2nd, the house says that the menace of a terrible fiscal crisis due to derived functions and hedge financess could be damaging to the industry. Opportunities for insurance: Climate alteration nowadayss hazards but besides chances. The possible chances created by the effects of a altering clime may necessitate fostering through the dedication of attending and resources. Too frequently, intelligence coverage portrays climate alteration as a doom-and-gloom narrative of impending catastrophe. Surely, many of the possible impacts of clime alteration are likely to negatively impact us, and we must turn to them, but we should non disregard the possible chances that a altering clime could make in portion by proactively accommodating to them. Some economic sectors and concerns may make better because of the effects of clime alteration, and they should seek to place those new economic chances and put in prosecuting them. Turning back to the illustration the reduced trust on winter roads due to warmer mean temperatures disrupts supply ironss and increases costs for the excavation companies runing in the part. ( David, 2007, 28-38 ) . â€Å" It is a hazard for insurance companies, but besides a great chance, says Tom Kornya. There will be a great demand for pension merchandises. Baby boomers look for low-cost merchandises that generate gross. By cons, debate the function of authorities in the pension is non really advanced. Insurance companies will be required to take this topographic point and this is a new hazard to which they are unaccustomed. â€Å" Financing and advisory Companies in carbon-intensive sectors are already seeking finance to assist them diminish nursery gas emanations. In the populace sphere, big amounts of capital will be needed in the coming decennaries to develop, modify and regenerate cardinal energy, transit and inundation defence substructure across the universe. Climate alteration may look to be a slow burn issue for the fiscal sector, but companies would be wise to give it important attending, as much for the emerging tops of altering demand as for protecting themselves against the eroding of value in the long term. Hedging and trading The demand from the industry is increasing for a figure of hazard transportation instruments in order to protect the companies against the addition in the monetary values of energy, the altering forms of conditions and the likely failure of current freshly introduced engineerings. The happening of C among the trade goods that are tradable has grown higher to complex merchandises that are get downing to draw a big figure of fiscal organisations and let some farther misdemeanor and development of the merchandises. Consumer grosss The consciousness spread about the green issues encourages growing in socially responsible investings by the consumers and organisations likewise. Even though, the market for mortgages, insurance and loans that give wages to low C behavior is right now less, it may increase rapidly. Similarly, the increased consciousness of windstorms and inundations has started to increase the desire of clients who are at hazard for the belongings and casualty insurance. Deductions: There are a figure of activities that the insurance industry can make in order to better their apprehension of the impact and affects of alteration in clime, assist the society and authorities to understand in a better manner and fix for the hazards involved in the development in fire-prone or coastal countries and do points that could protect their clients from the harm induced by the climatic alteration. Following are some of the deductions in order to cut down the negative impact of the clime alteration on the insurance industry: ( Evans, 1994, 107-128 ) Most of the climatic scientists agree that the conditions conditions in future are most likely to differ that the old conditions conditions. Therefore, it will be reasonable for the insurance companies to understand in a better manner, what will be the hereafter if the anticipations of the scientists are true. Hazard theoretical accounts can be developed on the footing of these anticipations with the aid of expertness. We can besides set more possible for the research and surveies as they will supply more cognition and analytical capacity. It will besides assist in enabling the insurance companies to happen the concealed markets and new chances for their merchandises along with the hazard direction and educating consumers. ( Rober, 2010, 34-33 ) Work with the scientists in order to raise the economic relevance and accurateness for the climatic alteration mold. Disclose and acknowledge the hazards of climatic alteration in one-year security filings and by other concern communications. Should take a practical attack in order to act upon the planning and development of land usage, in fraction as most of the expected rise in the losingss are stemming out from the black events that could be prevented by good spacial planning. There are a figure of stairss that could be taken: 1 ) maintain the valuable belongings out of the hazard parts and 2 ) grant both the economic and environmental benefits.

Letter Writing Etiquette

Letter Writing Etiquette A letter that is well written is becoming harder and harder to find. Slang, computer email-lingo and bad grammar have moved in and become second nature in our way of writing. Always remember that when writing a letter your words cannot be taken back once sent. People often say or do things on impulse based on emotion and letter writing is no different. Just as one may walk away from an argument to cool down or think things over before responding, one needs to also put a letter down and wait before sending it. Make sure you take the time to read over what has been written before actually putting it in the mail. Letter writing etiquette is one of the most valuable lessons a person can learn in their lives. You may say it’s just a bunch of words on paper†¦well, when a letter arrives at its destination it may be the only impression the reader gets of you. As with anything else, it’s important to give the reader a good picture of who you are through your writing. This is why letter writing etiquette is really an essential tool for everyone to know. No matter what kind of letter you are writing, whether it’s a personal or a business letter, letter writing etiquette applies to both kinds. The first thing you want to do is to give thought to your writing. Consider carefully how you want to come across to the recipient of your letter. Use proper wording to express your thoughts or feelings. Many times a letter can be brought back out at a later date, as proof of your character and it may actually be a result of writing under duress or extreme emotion. Not a reflection of who you truly are. So, before writing, jot down ideas and thoughts then develop them into sentences and paragraphs. Once you’ve done this, put it aside and read it again after a few hours or days before you actually send it in the mail. In order to make your writing easy for the reader to follow, letter writing etiquette suggests writing in a certain order. Begin at the beginning of your story or problem and go forward from there. Don’t jump around from the present to past and back again. This confuses your readers and throws them off of what you are trying to tell them. Make your presentation clear and easy to understand. Stay with shorter sentences and use descriptive words to convey your meaning. Following good letter writing etiquette will keep you from sounding long-winded and dull. It will keep the reader interested and reading quickly through the paper to find out the ending. Another part of letter writing etiquette that cannot be ignored is grammar. When you allow grammatical errors to fill a page, you’ll distract the reader. Every time they read across something that is grammatically wrong, their brain will stop and focus on the thing that just looks wrong. Mentally their brain will note this error and it takes them away from the actual point that you may be trying to get across in your letter. If a letter is full of grammatical errors then you run the risk of losing your reader completely. They may stop reading before they ever get to the end where you may have some important conclusion statements for them. Letter writing etiquette is something that everyone should make time to learn. Sending letters is an extension of showing whom we are and bad grammar and writing will only show the readers that you are one that doesn’t need to be taken seriously. Not only that, but a letter sent in anger full of insults and threats will only serve to show you in a negative light that can be used against you at anytime. Take the time to learn good letter writing etiquette. You’ll find that it will come in handy many times in your life.

The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses

The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses By Maeve Maddox The present participle, together with a the verb to be, is used to create continuous tenses. Although a form of the verb, the present participle cannot be used as the main verb of a sentence. Trying to use it that way results in a sentence fragment: Playing in the lake. To function as a verb, the present participle must be used with a helping verb: The children are playing in the lake. Continuous tenses, also called progressive tenses, are used to describe a continuing action. The present, past, and future continuous tenses are formed with the present, past, or future of the verb to be and the present participle, i.e., the form of the verb that ends in -ing: I am running for my life. We were sitting in the hotel lobby. This time next week, we will be celebrating your birthday. In the comments to a post I wrote on the uses of sit and set, a reader brought my attention to an odd usage current in Britain. He provided this example: â€Å"The boy was sat on a rock by the harbour when the ship docked.† The meaning of the sentence calls for a continuous tense: â€Å"The boy was sitting on a rock by the harbour when the ship docked.† The action of sitting was going on at the time the ship docked. A post at the Oxford Dictionaries blog indicates that, while the usage may be popular among many speakers of British English, it’s not considered standard usage: I’ve noticed several instances of [] ‘She’s sat at the table eating breakfast’ or ‘we were stood at the bar waiting to be served’.   Aarrgghh!!!   This construction is still regarded as non-standard.OxfordWords blog â€Å"Was sat† for â€Å"was sitting† seems to be a dialect form that has crept into the British mainstream. It is to be hoped (OK, I hope) that it won’t catch on with U.S. speakers. According to the OED blogger, the aberration is limited to the verbs sit and stand: It is 2pm and  I am sat  in my parents’ living room, talking to one of the cats. We were stood at the bar waiting to be served. If the action is continuous and uncompleted, you need an -ing verb: It is 2pm and  I am sitting  in my parents’ living room, talking to one of the cats. We were standing at the bar waiting to be served. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Gabriel Prossers Plot for Freedom

Gabriel Prosser's Plot for Freedom Gabriel Prosser and his brother, Solomon, were preparing for the farthest reaching rebellion in United States History. Inspired by the egalitarian philosophy that launched the Haitian Revolution, the Prosser brothers brought together enslaved and freed African-Americans, poor whites, and Native Americans to rebel against wealthy whites. However, a combination of inclement weather conditions and the fears of a few enslaved African-American men halted the rebellion from ever taking place. Gabriel Prossers Life Prosser was born in 1776 on a tobacco plantation in Henrico County, Va. At an early age, Prosser and his brother, Solomon, were trained to work as blacksmiths and  was also taught to read and write. By the age of twenty, Prosser was considered a leader- he was literate, intelligent, strong and stood over six feet tall. In 1798, Prossers owner died and his son, Thomas Henry Prosser, became his new master. Considered an ambitious master who wanted to expand his wealth, Thomas Henry hired Prosser and Solomon out to work with merchants and artisans. Prossers ability to work in Richmond and its surrounding areas allowed him the freedom to discover the area, earn extra money and work with freed African-American laborers. Gabriel Prossers Great Plan In 1799, Prosser, Solomon, and another slave named Jupiter stole a pig. When the three were caught by an overseer, Gabriel fought him and bit off the overseers ear. Shortly after, he was found guilty of maiming a white man. Although this was a capital offense, Prosser was able to choose public branding over being hanged if he could recite a verse from the Bible. Prosser was branded on his left hand and spent a month in jail. This punishment, the freedom Prosser experienced as a hired-out blacksmith, as well as the symbolism of the American and Haitian Revolutions  prompted the organization of the Prosser Rebellion. Inspired primarily by the Haitian Revolution, Prosser believed that oppressed people in society should work together for change. Prosser planned to include enslaved and freed African-Americans as well as poor whites, Native Americans and French troops in the rebellion.    Prossers plan was to take possession of Capitol Square in Richmond. Holding Governor James Monroe as a hostage, Prosser believed he could bargain with authorities. After telling Solomon and another slave named Ben of his plans, the trio began recruiting revolters. Women were not included in Prossers militia, but free blacks and whites became dedicated to the cause of insurrection. Pretty soon, the men were recruiting throughout Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Albermarle and the counties of Henrico, Caroline, and Louisa. Prosser used his skills as a blacksmith to create swords and molding bullets. Others collected weapons. The motto of the rebellion would be the same as the Haitian RevolutionDeath or Liberty. Although rumors of the upcoming rebellion were reported to Governor Monroe, they were ignored. Prosser planned the revolt for August 30, 1800, but it could not take place because of a severe thunderstorm that made it impossible to travel across road and bridges. The plot was supposed to take place the following day on Sunday, August 31, but several enslaved African-Americans told their masters of the plot. Landowners set up white patrols  and alerted Monroe who organized the state militia to search for rebels. Within two weeks, almost 30 enslaved African-Americans were in jail waiting to be seen in the Oyer and Terminir- a court in which people are tried without a jury but can provide testimony. The Trial The trial lasted two months and an estimated 65 enslaved men were tried. Almost thirty of these enslaved men were executed while others were sold to owners in other states. Some were found not guilty and others were pardoned. The trials began on September 11. Officials offered full pardons to enslaved men who gave testimony against other members of the conspiracy. Ben, who had helped Solomon and Prosser organize the rebellion, offered testimony. Another man named Ben Woolfolk offered the same. Ben offered testimony that led to the execution of several other enslaved men including Prossers brothers Solomon and Martin. Ben Woolfolk provided information on enslaved participants from other areas of Virginia. Before Solomons death, he provided the following testimony: My brother Gabriel was the person who influenced me to join him and others in order that (as he said) we might conquer the white people and possess ourselves of their property. Another enslaved man, King, said, I was never so glad to hear anything in my life. I am ready to join them at any moment. I could slay the white people like sheep. Although most recruits were tried and convicted in Richmond, others in outlying counties received the same fate. In places like Norfolk County, however, enslaved African-Americans and working-class whites were questioned in an attempt to find witnesses. However, no one would provide testimony and enslaved men in Norfolk County were released. And in Petersburg, four free African-Americans were arrested but could not be convicted because the testimony of an enslaved person against a freed person was not permitted in the courts of Virginia. On September 14, Prosser was identified to authorities. On October 6, he was put on trial. Although several people testified against Prosser, he refused to make a statement in court. On October 10, he was hung in the town gallows. The Aftermath According to state law, the state of Virginia had to reimburse slaveholders for their lost property. In total, Virginia paid more than $8900 to slaveholders for enslaved men who were hung. Between 1801 and 1805, the Virginia Assembly debated on the idea of gradual emancipation of enslaved African-Americans. However, the state legislature decided instead to control enslaved African-Americans by outlawing literacy and placed restrictions on hiring out. Although Prossers rebellion did not come to fruition, it inspired others. In 1802, the Easter Plot took place. And thirty years later, Nat Turners Rebellion took place in Southampton County.

The evolution of the smartphone markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The evolution of the smartphone markets - Essay Example This paper aims to discuss the evolution of Smartphone markets with reference to the model of monopolistic competition as it deals with the differentiated products. On the other hand discussion will cover the theory of network externalities because different Smartphone companies are offering entirely different operating platforms. More specifically the paper will discuss questions pertaining to the current competition in the Smartphone market and its potential to evolve in future. How Smartphone manufacturing firms will be competing over the time, what would be their business strategies, which of the firms are expected to rule the Smartphone market and how firms will generate profits in the long run? Markets of differentiated products are primarily dominated by competition over simple features and functions. However, over the time the nature of competition transforms and hence the competitors have to advance the operating platforms so as to gain competitive edge (Barrows, 2009:110). In broader terms it can be said that the evolution of Smartphone markets underwent two phases, for instance, the competition started with variations in the physical features and then it led to the significant changes in operating systems. Thus it is important to analyze this subject with respect to the above mentioned questions. In order to do this secondary data sources are used including books, journals and websites. Initially the type of market for which Smartphones are manufactured is specified. This is followed by the critical analysis with the help of economic models. The Monopolistic Competition Model It basically defines the first stage of the evolution of Smartphone market. It refers to particular economic setting where companies manufacture similar products with slight variations (Barrows, 2009:110). For instance, Smartphones are differentiated on the basis of functions, features, color, design etc. however, their fundamental purpose is to connect people and smooth the com munication channels. Hence in this way the consumers are given an advantage of using the comparable products with some differences (Himmelsbach, 2013:3). One of the factors influencing monopolistic competition is elasticity which actually plays a major role in the overall evolution of Smartphone market. The demand cross price elasticity of two unrelated products is either zero or near to zero, for example, the increase in demand of water will have no impact over the demand of shoes. But when the nature of products is differentiated then the cross price elasticity has significantly positive results (Barrows, 2009:110). For example, the demand of Android phones impact the demand of iOS Smartphones. This can be further substantiated on the basis of the fact that differentiated products can be used as substituted and therefore the demand of one product directly influences the demand of its close substitute. The Theory of Network Externalitie

Coral Reefs , bleaching Coral reefs, tolearance , affected , different Essay

Coral Reefs , bleaching Coral reefs, tolearance , affected , different kinds which one most affected due to climate changes .. e - Essay Example A coral reef may be made up of a large number of species and several of the universe’s most diverse and dense populations of vertebrate animals. It is unfortunate that extremely minimal residual coral reefs highlight this immaculate situation (Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999). Moreover, on most, fishes and corals are much less plentiful than they were a few years ago. This paper will look at coral reefs and how they are or will be impacted by climate change. Wholesome coral reefs are eclipsed by a number of forms of reef-building corals, which stuff the position of trees in a forest, by developing the actual structure of the reef, supporting numerous animals and plants. Ecologists term trees, corals, and additional organisms, for example, oysters, which develop habitats as base species and understand that their extinction can be disastrous for the ecosystem and the community that surrounds them. In addition, the configuration established by corals over the years gives complicated harbors in which creatures can seek cover from hunters. When corals become extinct, the number of reef fish rapidly diminishes, largely because of the lack of sections for fingerlings to exist as they move away from their habitat and inhabit on the reef where they will live for the rest of their lives (Andrefouet, Mumby, McField, Hu, & Muller-Karger, 2002). For instance, the fish species were largely affected by coral loss because of sedimentation run-off and ocean warming from the switch of forest to oil palm farms, in Papua New Guinea. The ocean surface temperatures and the warmer air caused by climate change has an effect on corals and change coral reef populations by changing ocean chemistry and triggering coral bleaching. These effects have an impact on corals and the large numbers of creatures that utilize coral reefs as their habitation. Coral reefs coat a region of approximately 280,000 square kilometers and offer support for a number of species in what can be termed as the seasâ⠂¬â„¢ rainforests. Coral reefs have a number of benefits to the people and environment in several ways. For instance, coral reefs offer protection for shores from the effect of storms and waves; they give benefits to human beings in the form of medicine and food; they offer financial benefits to native societies from tourism (Jones, 2004). Climate change causes bleaching in coral reefs. Bleaching illustrates the deficiency of symbiotic algae by a host or the coral. A large component of the pigment in the regularly bright corals is dependent on the existence of these plant cells. The living tissue of coral reefs is usually translucent without several components. Moreover, bleaching is a common reaction that may be caused either by low or high temperatures, in the laboratory, changes in salinity, intense light, or by additional chemical or physical stresses. Bleaching is the severe condition of natural variation that is present in a large number of coral reefs (Baker, 2001). Extra hum id temperatures caused by climate change strain corals because they are extremely responsive to temperature changes. In situations where water temperatures remain higher than standard for a long period, the elements they are dependent on for several of their nutrition escape their tissue. Without these elements, corals coral reefs lose their color. This is because the elements provide color for the coral reefs. Bleac

User Models and Models of Human Performance Essay

User Models and Models of Human Performance - Essay Example There are seven steps that are involved in developing a critical path model (Stanton 2007). The first is defining the tasks. In a situation where a driver is driving a car on the road and his mobile phone rings, the river will perform the following tasks: The second step identifies the input and output sensory modalities used in the tasks. For example, in retrieving the mobile, the driver will use his left or right hand, making the task step manual. Pressing buttons is also manual and can either be done by the right or the left thumb. Talking on the phone constitutes speech modality whereas listening requires auditory. Reading the screen requires visual modality and responding can involve cognitive modality. Step 3 of the approach requires construction of a chart, where dependency of the tasks is assessed (Sikora & Hattan 2009). The tasks need to be followed in a specific order, one after the other, and two tasks having the same modality need to be performed in series. Step 4 involves assigning the task time and these estimates should be accurate, unbiased and consistent (Thornley 2003). For example, retrieving the mobile can take five, six seconds on average, whereas talking can take long, depending on the duration of the conversati on. Pressing the buttons can take up to half a second each, whereas reading and looking at the screen can consume two to three seconds each. Then forward pass time needs to be calculated by adding up the individual times of each task, and, assuming a one minute long conversation, it becomes 73 seconds. Then backward pass is calculated. The last step is the calculation of the critical path, which is done by identifying the nodes which have zero difference between Earliest Start Time and Latest Finish Time. The model will provide a comprehensive procedure to make adjustments for variations in user performances. The arrangement of elements can be evaluated by a cognitive model and the design can be adjusted to outcomes of the

Evaluation of Infection Control in Hospitals Essay

Evaluation of Infection Control in Hospitals - Essay Example The National Audit Office noted in its 2000 report that nine percent of all inpatients or one in every eleven inpatients in England had hospital acquired infection at any one time. This prevalence is higher than hospital acquired infections in Denmark (8%), Spain (8%), Netherlands (7%), Norway (7%) and Australia (6%). Only France (6-10%) and USA (5-10%) had higher incidence ranges (CPSO, 2004; Davis, 2005; POST, 2005). Furthermore, this figure is equivalent to approximately 100,000 hospital acquired infections per year. The effects of hospital acquired infections to patients range from minor discomfort to mortality in around 5,000 cases. These infections are considered as contributory factors to approximately 15,000 deaths a year (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2005; POST, 2005; Davis, 2005). A report by the Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance Service from 1997 to 1999, covering 96 hospitals in England showed 47 percent of microorganisms that cause surgical site infections were staphylococci. Eighty-one percent of these were Staphylococcus aureus and 61 percent were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (CPSO, 2004; Davis, 2005; POST, 2005). All of these occurrences are attributed to o... In order to know the root of the problem which is the declining level of hygiene in hospitals, the sources and possible routes of infectious materials should be identified. Gaps and loopholes for the proper handling of such infection sources and vectors should be highlighted. Next, appropriate steps should be put in place that will answer these inefficiencies together with the responsible hospital staff for each task. Lastly, monitoring and maintenance systems should be developed to ensure long-term success in these efforts with emphasis on in any areas where improvements are needed (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2005; POST, 2005; Davis, 2005). Studies and information already available for the abovementioned factors will be reiterated here. However, this paper will focus on other areas where data are lacking and further research is warranted. More specifically, the role of social workers in the proliferation and solution of hospital acquired infections will be assessed. Furthermore, research gaps in this area will be identified towards the development of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Epidemiology of Hospital Acquired Infections Hospital acquired infections are also referred to as nosocomial infections. These are infections that develop during the patient's stay in the hospital that were not previously present. There are two types of hospital acquired infections: autoinfection wherein the causative agent is inherently present in the patient but started to proliferate during confinement because of lowered resistance level, and cross-contamination wherein the causative agent comes from outside the patient which infects and develop during the patient's stay in the hospital (CPSO, 2004; Davis,

Writing a journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing a journal - Essay Example With this tendency I find that I am often in leaderships positions, even within the confines of group work in the classroom where a leader is not necessarily called for. This tendency can sometimes work against me as well. For example, if I am not in technically in a leadership position and I feel that the person who is in the position of being a leader is not carrying out the project to what I consider to be the appropriate levels, I tend to become pushy and domineering. Sometimes I need to force myself to back off so work can continue without the tension. In considering my assessment, I think that I should look for positions in which I am able to utilize my leadership skills. I know that it will be easier for me as I will not be clashing with people over decisions, but I also need to keep in mind that there will almost always be people overhead of me whom I have to answer to. Since this is the case, I need to learn to not clash with people with whom I disagree with. One aspect of this assessment that I had not fully considered before reading this was my tendency to be thoroughly realistic, even to the point of where I don’t generally enjoy artistic endeavors that are overly fanciful in nature. When I am approaching problems, I definitely attempt to discern the facts before figuring out how to solve problems. I generally find assertions and assumptions based solely on feelings and less than empirical data to be generally not worth any amount of time to invest

Evaluation of Infection Control in Hospitals Essay

Evaluation of Infection Control in Hospitals - Essay Example The National Audit Office noted in its 2000 report that nine percent of all inpatients or one in every eleven inpatients in England had hospital acquired infection at any one time. This prevalence is higher than hospital acquired infections in Denmark (8%), Spain (8%), Netherlands (7%), Norway (7%) and Australia (6%). Only France (6-10%) and USA (5-10%) had higher incidence ranges (CPSO, 2004; Davis, 2005; POST, 2005). Furthermore, this figure is equivalent to approximately 100,000 hospital acquired infections per year. The effects of hospital acquired infections to patients range from minor discomfort to mortality in around 5,000 cases. These infections are considered as contributory factors to approximately 15,000 deaths a year (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2005; POST, 2005; Davis, 2005). A report by the Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance Service from 1997 to 1999, covering 96 hospitals in England showed 47 percent of microorganisms that cause surgical site infections were staphylococci. Eighty-one percent of these were Staphylococcus aureus and 61 percent were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (CPSO, 2004; Davis, 2005; POST, 2005). All of these occurrences are attributed to o... In order to know the root of the problem which is the declining level of hygiene in hospitals, the sources and possible routes of infectious materials should be identified. Gaps and loopholes for the proper handling of such infection sources and vectors should be highlighted. Next, appropriate steps should be put in place that will answer these inefficiencies together with the responsible hospital staff for each task. Lastly, monitoring and maintenance systems should be developed to ensure long-term success in these efforts with emphasis on in any areas where improvements are needed (College of Nurses of Ontario, 2005; POST, 2005; Davis, 2005). Studies and information already available for the abovementioned factors will be reiterated here. However, this paper will focus on other areas where data are lacking and further research is warranted. More specifically, the role of social workers in the proliferation and solution of hospital acquired infections will be assessed. Furthermore, research gaps in this area will be identified towards the development of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Epidemiology of Hospital Acquired Infections Hospital acquired infections are also referred to as nosocomial infections. These are infections that develop during the patient's stay in the hospital that were not previously present. There are two types of hospital acquired infections: autoinfection wherein the causative agent is inherently present in the patient but started to proliferate during confinement because of lowered resistance level, and cross-contamination wherein the causative agent comes from outside the patient which infects and develop during the patient's stay in the hospital (CPSO, 2004; Davis,

The Social Web and Security Risks on People's Information Essay

The Social Web and Security Risks on People's Information - Essay Example Indeed, those kinds of risks exist for both individuals and organizations—two kinds of entities that are both increasingly using social media as a way of communicate with others. Throughout this paper, the analysis of risks of social web will incorporate both individual users who may use social media casually to communicate with a particular circle of people, and organizations that may use social media to market their products and services to the public. Neither class is immune to the challenges that we all face when using social media to keep information private, since the process of making information public is irreversible. According to Pew Research (2011), the percentages of individuals using social networking sites, especially within the 18 to 29 age bracket, has skyrocketed since 2005 (Figure 1.). Similar sorts of trends can be observed in the 30 to 49 and 50 to 64 age brackets, although the sharpness of that curve is more subdued. Over half of people in all three of tho se age brackets, however, are using social networking websites, and roughly one-third of people 65 or older are using social networking websites. Considering the prevalence of social media in our 21st century reality, it is necessary to slow down and to give some thought to the drawbacks of this technology, in addition to its benefits. When discussing either drawbacks or benefits, one should keep in mind these rising statistics about usage. Social networking becomes more valuable as people join and connect, which means social media has a great deal of staying power. Figure 1. Social networking usage by age. Pew Research (2011). Figure 2. Communication methods used to engage employees. McCasland (2009). Clearly, social media is having a large-scale impact on how individuals communicate with others. However, organizations are increasingly utilizing social media. In fact, 21st century organizations consider social media as an important tool of marketing. In addition, social media has o ther uses, including to engage employees and to foster productivity (Figure 2.). As was mentioned previously, what is unique to the new phenomenon of social networking is that information uploaded to such websites is there permanently. In times of interpersonal networking without the internet, oral communication carried information from person to person. Oral communication is temporary and sometimes forgotten. However, in the 21st century, there is a public record of information that at some points in history individuals never would have thought to share with others. With such permanence to information, it is possible for undesirable consequences to come about by sharing. Sometimes these negative consequences are defined by a malicious intent, while at other times, these consequences are accidental. For instance, in organizations, blocking Facebook is not only a matter of preventing malware from entering company computers or keeping employees productive—it is also about posit ively representing the company to the public, which a Facebook profile essentially is (Cluley, 2010). Individuals sometimes forget that, like organizations, they have a public online presence that can be damaged by sharing their information in a public space. However, in spite of those potential threats, organization and individuals are still using the social web at miraculous rates. The primary benefit of social media is the connections that it

Racism in Canada Essay Example for Free

Racism in Canada Essay Canada is known around the world as an international peacekeeper, a place of liberty, and a loving country that accepts everyone. This reputation is part of our image, and is honoured by many nations. But Canada is not perfect. Racism still exists, sometimes it maybe in the shadows, it does not take a investigative detective to notice the visible racism all around us. In some cases it is social phrases, in some it may be serious bullying, discrimination or even assault, racism is still a problem. Like the United States of America, Canada has a history with racism. In the 1900s to 1950s, there was discrimination against African-Canadians. From the time of settlement into North America, up until a few decades ago, there was serious mis-treatment of First Nation peoples, including genocide, sexual assault and child abuse. Also during WW2, Japanese-Canadians were looked upon as enemies, and treated poorly. Compared to the past, we are much more liberal, and have less racial prejudices. The improvement of civil liberties from the past to now is amazing. But still not enough. Every time I see something racist, it deeply saddens me. In my heart, Canada as a whole has left racism behind, but some people still carry the disgusting tradition. I once saw a bus driver speaking disrespectfully to an older Chinese woman, about how he couldnt understand her, and she should try to speak in English. I thought to my self how sad it is that an official city worker can be so intolerant of other cultures. I do not like racism, and see it a lot. I see racism when a group of African-Canadians attack a Caucasian man for coming to the wrong neighbourhood. I see racism when people say, White people cannot play cricket, when some of the best cricket players are Caucasian, like Alastair Cook, with over 8000 runs  scored. I see racism in stereotypes. It is clear that racism is a part of our society now, but we need to improve our selves and eradicate it for good. To abolish racism completely, we first need to put personal feelings aside, and agree on facts. Yes, we are all humans. But we need to accept our differences, we are not the exact same. Specific genotype gives athletes like Bolt a boost, dailymail reports scientific research done by University of Szczecin in Poland. Once we separate fact from fiction, we can live without delusion. Secondly, we must call out racism when ever we see it, for example if a bus driver does something wrong, he should be confronted, to avoid it from happening again. If we call out all racism when we see it, we can put an end to it. In conclusion Canada is one of the best countries to live in in the world. It is a leader in civil rights, peacekeeping, and equality. However some racism remains in our community from the past, which should be cleaned up. If we all aim towards a better future, the present could looked upon in future similarly to how the bloody 50s are seen today.

Ethnographic Study Of Mumtaz Restaurant Cultural Studies Essay

Ethnographic Study Of Mumtaz Restaurant Cultural Studies Essay To achieve a purpose of this assignment, I have conducted an ethnographic study on Mumtaz Indian restaurant situated in Bradford, Great Horton Road. In this essay, the globalisation theory has explained with significance on globalisation of product and services and globalisation of culture. An observation of Mumtaz restaurant have described in this essay, which will explicate the culture, production and services globally. I also aim to develop better understanding of the term globalisation in the literature with the help of some definitions on globalisation of culture. This study therefore give support to the theory in a globalise world cultures. Mumtaz is an Arabic word (then it has been adopted by Persian and Urdu) meaning the distinguished or the best. It is commonly use as a male or female name in Hindi speaking Muslim community in India as well as in Malaysia and Brunei. As I move towards the restaurant, on the entrance, the man standing in the white uniform who welcomed me with full of respect. That is the first thing impressed me of this restaurant and forces me to realise that I am in India. As I went inside, it is all modern and sleek. I enter first into the food emporium where its own products are on sale. Before heading into the restaurant I am seeing a very beautiful sitting area that can be called as waiting room for the customers. The comfortable wooden sofas and table are representing the Indian culture of hospitality. The wood-framed tables are topped with thick bottle-end patterned glass and surrounded by slim steel-legged, high-backed black leather chairs. It is looking beautiful. There are cream color walls with leather panels, paintings and spotlights in the white ceiling and greenery shoots out of stainless-steel conical plant pots. Black and metal decoration with combination of lights Waiting room for the customers Restaurant is on the main road, on one side of the restaurant huge transparent glasses are fitted thereby allowing the customers to enjoy the weather of outside with their meal. The restaurant is very big and famous for the Indian food and culture but it serves seven nationalities of food. The staffs have a unique dress, black trouser and black shirt with a logo of Mumtaz. Most of the waiters are students, working as a part time. The restaurant is very busy as I am here at 1:30 pm on Saturday and I can observe 25 people around me. Dining here is very informal and the place is full with friends, couples and families with kids and mostly are the Asians. The overall age group is 20 -45. There are two Africans and three British sitting behind me and discussing about the taste of the food. They have drinks on the table. An Arabic group of five people, two of them are girls sitting on the next table. Theres contemporary, up-tempo but unobtrusive Indian music in the background which reflec ts the emotions and Indian culture. I was looking behind and suddenly I heard a voice what would you like to order sir? I spoke to him for two minutes. He was a student from Malaysia doing a part time work. I ordered Pakistani food; there are four types of curry, two Nan and rasmalayi in desserts. The taste is awesome. In the end I observe, when the water bowl served on the table to wash hands, many of the Indians and Pakistani used it because they were using hands instead of folk and knife. In India, people rarely use folk and knife. Moreover, rest of them use tissues. While giving the feed back, I appreciate the taste of the food. I asked a question from the supervisor manager. How could he manage to develop the taste without the items that are not available in the U.K? He told me that many of the items import from different countries mostly from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, UAE, Africa and china. He said Mumtaz has 15 branches worldwide and we select seven best cook from each country on a contract basis. T he last word he said many of the celebrities come here for a small taste of why the Mumtaz Empire has spread quite so wide. Literature Culture and politics are facilitators of globalization. They enable firms and consumers to buy, sell and even produce on a global basis. But there has to be motive for firms and consumers to act globally. Globalization stands for the whole public across the world. There are thousands of definitions of globalization, which occur confusion because the more specific concepts are highly diverse. There are five definitions of globalization that can be distinguished. A common idea of globalization can be understand in terms of internationalization, liberalization, universalization, westernization and territorialization. Internationalization: From this point of view global is a word which describes cross-border relations between countries, globalization designates a growth of international exchange and interdependence. According to H, Paul and T, Grahame, globalization word is identified in the terms of large and growing flows of trade and capital investment between countries (1996a:48). Liberalization: Globalization has viewed as liberalization. It is a process of removing all the government restrictions on movement between one country to another country. Globalization has become an important word for describing the process of international economic integration (Sander1996:27). Universalization: A third concept has equated globalization with universalization. In this global means worldwide and globalization is the process of supplying goods to people in any part of the world. Westernization: Globalization is again equal with westernization. Globalization is dynamic where by the social structure of modernity like industrialism, capitalism, rationalism, bureaucratism etc are spread all over the world and spoiling existent culture and local self determination in process. Territorialization: H, David and M, Tony have defined globalization as a process which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions (Held et al., 1999:16) Different authors have different views on globalization. According to Malcolm Waters, globalization theory examines the emergence of global culture. It suggests that global culture is brought about a variety of the social and cultural developments. It is more important to see that globalization involves a new consciousness of the world as a single place. It suggests that a globalization is a social process in which the constraint of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people are aware that they are receding. Robertson definition of globalization: Globalization concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole. On the other hand, globalization has covered almost every person in todays world, the trend has spread unevenly. The process of globalization must to some extent be facilitated by a convergence of cultures. For example, St Patricks Day is a celebration of the patron saint of Ireland. Yet the day itself is now celebrated by many other nationalities all over the world. Admittedly, many of the Irish have at some point emigrated to other part of the world, but this does not explain the extent to which other cultures are willing to assume the St Patricks Day celebrations. According to Anthony Giddens, a leading sociological writer on globalization said that globalization is the cultural suspension of space and time. If space is a cultural reference point for geography and national identity, the willingness of many other cultures to celebrate St Patricks Day surely reflects a suspension of cultural space. Individuals from the UK, Australia and the US in celebrating the Irish patron saints day are suspending, in part, their cultural attachment to their own national culture. Hollywood and Indian entertainment industry (bollywood) are the two successful industries. They produce films, T.V. shows and a variety of music that are enjoyed not only by Indians, British or Americans, but also by many people around the world. The portrayal of Indian and western lifestyles, shops, the consumption of food, soft drinks and the belief that opportunity exist for everyone, can all be viewed and adopt while watching such movies and T.V. shows. So, if viewers around the world enjoy watching or listening to Indian or western culture, then perhaps they will also enjoy partaking in, or consuming any culture? If this is true, then the media of the country are an important facilitator of countrys companies selling their brands around the globe. According to Giddins, technology and communication is also a very good example of globalization. The ability to communicate with anyone, at anytime, anywhere in the world increases the perception of a global village, as opposed to a large fragmented global system. Globalization is a very broad aspect. The discussion on globalization can never come to an end. The more you talk, the more it takes you in deep. Analysis The name Mumtaz itself is a combination and use in different countries like Arabic, Indian, Brunei and Malaysia and from the religion perspective it is mostly used in the Muslim community. The restaurant is a typical Indian restaurant. It is famous for Indian food but it also serves different nationalities food. That means different nationalities of food invite all the people in the restaurant from different countries. However, the environment, the way they serve food in an Indian style, can reflect the culture of India. After an observation of the restaurant, it set a good example of globalization. There are different customers can be found in the restaurant of different countries such as British, Arabic, Indians, Chinese, Pakistan. The staffs are also from different places, most of them are the students from India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The cooks are from seven different nationalities to maintain the taste of each country. People are sitting and enjoying various types of food of different countries. It looks like a western and Indian culture meeting under one roof. The language that is use in the restaurant is English because it is a universal language. Nevertheless, the Indians and Pakistani convey the message or make an order in their own native language to staffs. Music, taste, interior decorations, paintings on the wall, style of serving the food etc are giving a feel of the culture of India. That is how the globalization helps in shaping and reshaping of social relations within all countries. Different nationalities of people are working in the restaurant on different posts and everyone has to adopt the culture of the restaurant in a globalise manner. The raw material for the restaurant that is not available in the country is been imported from different part of the world. According to Begg, D and Ward, D, global product markets will concentrate on trading internationally, as opposed to operating internationally. Trading internationally is the export and import of goods and services from domestic locations to international markets. To achieve the each countrys taste and maintain the quality of food, the restaurant is importing many of the ingredients from different part of the world. According to some definitions of globalization, it is understood that globalization plays an important role in doing any type of the business. It is not possible for a country to produce all the goods. For example, some vegetables and fruits require cold or hot weather to grow. Different countries have different weather conditions. Globalization occurs at many levels. Firms can export overseas or even operate overseas. They can exploit cheaper labour, capital or finance overseas. An examination of globalization requires an analysis of numerous issues. For the globalisation, businesses are classic example of this. As Castells (2001) noted, they are organised around networks of production, management and distribution. Those that are successful have to be able to respond quickly to change both in the market and in production. Sophisticated information systems are essential in such globalization. Media plays an important role to make the restaurant globalize, through advertisements on the T.V. pop ups on internet. It influences people to visit the restaurant to see the culture and taste the variety of dishes at a single place. For example, Queen Elizabeth had visited the restaurant to experience the Indian culture and the taste of different varieties. It shows that, how globalization make the restaurant so popular in the world. Queen Elizabeth in the Mumtaz restaurant The definition of Robertson on globalization best fit here, Globalization concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole. Globalization has covered almost every person in todays world, the trend has spread unevenly. Language is a very good example of globalization. Every country has own language but English is universal. But the thing is, multicultural people speak English differently, each one has distinct way of speaking, accent, using short forms etc. We take an example of spellings, UK spell out colour, realise, and American spell color, realize. The meaning is same but the way of writing is bit different between both the countries. Conclusion The overall study of this essay comes with a conclusion by the help of observation done in a Mumtaz an Indian veg and non-vegetarian restaurant. The observation highlights the globalization of culture. The restaurant has perfectly maintained the dignity of the Indian culture. They have also attracted many of the celebrities to come and see the culture of India in the U.K. Food, religion, paintings, interior decoration, and people of different nationalities, Indian music and import of the products from different countries. These are the main aspects, which have shown the globalization of culture, and globalization of product and services. This is explained with an example of raw materials import from different countries and the international students those who are working in the restaurant and offering their best services globally. The ethnography study on the restaurant has tried to relate with the literature is used in this essay.

Orange Juice (The Godfather) :: essays research papers

**Orange Juice** Contrast and Irony†¦ Gentle moments in the story keep it realistic while the larger plot progresses and sucks us in. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction- The Godfather will make sure. Not a killer by his definition, The Godfather does not mix family and business matters, yet family and crime abound. And justice prevails however it may. Transitions in the montage after Michael killed two of his first marks in the restaurant explain exactly how the â€Å"family† works. One scene shows a family member playing the piano, then cuts artfully to another of a dead body. The piano player still playing directly above the body. A spectacular illustration of how the family mastered the art of playing others. The opening line: â€Å"I believe in America† (spoken by the undertaker, no less)-contrasted later in the film by another scene in which one of the family appears to be peeing on the Statue of Liberty, seen in the distance. So much for believing in America after all. The feel of viewing the world through dark sunglasses on an already cloudy day versus the bright, relaxed feeling of the Sicilian scenes creates even more contrast and confusion. The characters hidden from the viewer’s eye in the United States, while Michael hides in Sicily. Images of these scenes prevail in viewers minds, taking us to a happier time and place while we wonder what the Corleone family has up their sleeves in America. The Godfather grants favors- as a self-benefit of course- because the favors control those whom that they are meant for. Corleone has granted favors, but those who have received them will be in his debt and one day, they're afraid, they will be called upon to make-good the favor of the Godfather. Crime merely illustrates the degree of power this family holds. Don Corleone can make it happen- with â€Å"offers that can not be refused†. People are killed just to show who is boss. Even the raspy voice in which the Godfather grants the favors lends to a colossal sense of power, as does his sharply shaped, well-manicured mustache. Michael’s injury transitions his speech and he begins to speak like his father- his power becomes obvious. At the baptism of Connie and Carlo’s son, the film cuts to show the murders Michael has ordered. The patriarchs of the â€Å"five families†. The final montage artfully suggests that the murders and baptism occur simultaneously.

The Nature of Power Essay -- Power Society Nationalism Essays

The Nature of Power In 1948, the OECD was formed by several European nations in what would become the first step toward the formation of the European Union. The creation of the EU was revolutionary in that nations gave up unprecedented amounts of their sovereignty, resulting in such acts as voluntarily subjecting themselves to monitoring of war materials (coal and steel) and culminating in the institution of the Euro and integration of European economies and societies, and politics. The success of the EU in the last few years is amazing not just because of its economic achievements, but because it signifies the first successful surrender of nationalism and the transfer of loyalty to a regional level, notions which would have been considered impossible at the beginning of the 20th century. Taking into account the strength of nationalism in the 20th century, the phenomena surrounding the formation of the EU are hard to comprehend until the nature of power and its attraction to people is considered. Power plays a large part in human psychology, beginning when the infant cries in order to draw attention to itself and continuing as kids learn exclusion, join cliques, and as adults compete for respect and influence. Power is exercised from the most basic everyday relationships to the international stage. It is the ultimate motivator in society. Accepting this, it is easy to understand that the sacrifices made by the EU were made in the pursuit of greater power through collective unity, which overruled human affiliations with nationalism and the idea of sovereignty. The question we must ask is why power is so powerful a force. Power forms the basis of society because people want to live secure, respected lives. Simmel ... ...rol of an otherwise chaotic existence. Power is the tool for maintaining a stable, and as such a secure life. Once stripped of all excesses and perversions, power comes down to avoiding the unknown and unsafe. It’s all about security. If we can accept that people are naturally predisposed to living secure lives devoid of real danger and instability, it is obvious, especially in these timers, that power is not only the basis of society, but is the one thing constant in life. Sources Cited: Bataille, Georges. Blue of Noon London: Marion Boyars Publishers LTD, 1957 Camus, Albert. The Fall New York: Vintage Books, 1956 Highmore, Ben. Everyday Life and Culture Theory. New York: Routledge, 2002 Kafka, Franz. The Trial New York: Shockden Books, 1998 Quotes Used: Card, Orson Scott. The Crystal City. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2003. The Nature of Power Essay -- Power Society Nationalism Essays The Nature of Power In 1948, the OECD was formed by several European nations in what would become the first step toward the formation of the European Union. The creation of the EU was revolutionary in that nations gave up unprecedented amounts of their sovereignty, resulting in such acts as voluntarily subjecting themselves to monitoring of war materials (coal and steel) and culminating in the institution of the Euro and integration of European economies and societies, and politics. The success of the EU in the last few years is amazing not just because of its economic achievements, but because it signifies the first successful surrender of nationalism and the transfer of loyalty to a regional level, notions which would have been considered impossible at the beginning of the 20th century. Taking into account the strength of nationalism in the 20th century, the phenomena surrounding the formation of the EU are hard to comprehend until the nature of power and its attraction to people is considered. Power plays a large part in human psychology, beginning when the infant cries in order to draw attention to itself and continuing as kids learn exclusion, join cliques, and as adults compete for respect and influence. Power is exercised from the most basic everyday relationships to the international stage. It is the ultimate motivator in society. Accepting this, it is easy to understand that the sacrifices made by the EU were made in the pursuit of greater power through collective unity, which overruled human affiliations with nationalism and the idea of sovereignty. The question we must ask is why power is so powerful a force. Power forms the basis of society because people want to live secure, respected lives. Simmel ... ...rol of an otherwise chaotic existence. Power is the tool for maintaining a stable, and as such a secure life. Once stripped of all excesses and perversions, power comes down to avoiding the unknown and unsafe. It’s all about security. If we can accept that people are naturally predisposed to living secure lives devoid of real danger and instability, it is obvious, especially in these timers, that power is not only the basis of society, but is the one thing constant in life. Sources Cited: Bataille, Georges. Blue of Noon London: Marion Boyars Publishers LTD, 1957 Camus, Albert. The Fall New York: Vintage Books, 1956 Highmore, Ben. Everyday Life and Culture Theory. New York: Routledge, 2002 Kafka, Franz. The Trial New York: Shockden Books, 1998 Quotes Used: Card, Orson Scott. The Crystal City. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2003.

Nelson Mandela Essay

In order to achieve something great, you must have desire, you must truly want it from the bottom of your heart. Born July 18, 1918, in a small town in South Africa, Nelson Mandela had the greatest passion to do anything to win his country’s independence. He fought for the rights of blacks in South Africa and for helpless people around the world. Motivated by his actions, the president of South Africa, P.W. Botha, imprisoned Mandela for twenty-seven years. When he was released in 1990, he immediately came back into the fight he had left for so long. He was elected president by the people of South Africa in 1994. His term in office ended in 1999, however, he still fought for racial equality and peace. Mandela died on December 5, 2013, in Johannesburg, South Africa. Although he has passed, his legacy still exists around the world today. Nelson Mandela should be the man of the century because he helped bring an end to apartheid in South Africa and his leadership not only affected the people of his country, but also people all around the world. According to Biography in Context, at the age of 24, Mandela joined the African National Congress which was a group who worked to establish social and political rights for blacks in South Africa. Mandela’s actions in the ANC caused him to be put in prison. Mandela stated that, â€Å"his organization only wanted equal rights for South Africans of all races, and added that the only way they would show their unhappiness was by nonviolent disruptive tactics† (Contemporary Black Biography 2). The ANC became illegal causing Mandela to form the Spear of the Nation which was a group that directed sabotage actions against government installations and other symbols of apartheid. These acts of violence resulted in life in prison for Mandela. Although he was cut-off from the entire world, he never lost hope, and the people never forgot this courageous leader. On February 11, 1990, one of the most prodigious events of the year, Mandela was free for the first time in twenty-seven yea rs. In 1993, the nation was moving closer to free and  fair elections. On Election Day, in the first-ever democratic election, Mandela had been victorious, and became the first ever black president of the Republic of South Africa. During his presidency, Mandela focused on issues such as, â€Å"health, housing, education, and the development of public utilities and economic stability. The government also introduced legislation requiring workplace safety, overtime pay, and minimum wages† (Contemporary Black Biography 5). Mandela improved his countries living just in the short years that he was in office. The words that once came out of young Mandela’s mouth, â€Å"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die† (Contemporary Black Biography 3). These words show the power and passion behind the heart of Mandela. He was willing to die for the freedom of his people like Christ died for our sins. The love he had for his country was like the love a mother and father have for their children. His courage, strength, and dedication changed the world forever. Mandela’s actions were too tremendous to only affect the little country of South Africa. His actions affected many places around the world. He encouraged many people to stand up for their rights of freedom. Although people such as President Reagan, according to NBC News, said the ANC was a terrorist group and they should not be praised and represented around the world because it engaged in, â€Å"calculated terror†¦the mining of roads, the bombing of public places, designed to bring about further repression† (Robert Windrem). I, along with many other people, do not believe this is true. Mandela was only fighting for the freedom which his country deserved, fighting for the happiness of his people, and fighting for the generations to come. The actions that Mandela took were only caused by the first sight of violence from the British police. If you were being controlled, and forced to live your life the way certain people wanted, wouldn’t you do whatever you co uld to stop it? Nelson Mandela left a legacy that will last for hundreds of years. The  apartheid movement that he led in South Africa, not only affected South Africans, but also affected nations on the other side of the globe. He is a man who will stand out from any other in the past and upcoming centuries. I believe that Nelson Mandela is the man of the century because the world, today, would not be the same if he had never fought for the rights that we all deserve. Works Cited Contemporary Black Biography, . â€Å"Biography in Context.† Nelson Mandela. Contemporary Black Biography, 05 Dec 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2014. Windrem, Robert. â€Å"NBC News.† Nelson Mandela a terrorist until 2008. NBC News, 07 Dec 2013. Web. 13 Apr 2014.

Cory aquino Essay

Marà ­a Corazà ³n Sumulong â€Å"Cory† Cojuangco Aquino was born on January 25, 1933, in Paniqui, Tarlac, Marà ­a Corazà ³n â€Å"Cory† Sumulong Cojuangco was the fourth child of Josà © Cojuangco, Sr. and Demetria Sumulong. Her siblings were Pedro, Josephine, Teresita, Jose, Jr. and Maria Paz. Both Aquino’s parents came from prominent clans. Her father was a prominent Tarlac businessman and politician, and her great-grandfather, Melecio Cojuangco, was a member of the historic Malolos Congress. Her mother, Demetria, belonged to the Sumulong family of Rizal who were politically influential; Juan Sumulong, a prominent member of the clan, ran against Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon in 1941. As a young girl, she spent her elementary days at St. Scholastica’s College in Manila, where she graduated on top of her class and batch as valedictorian. For high school, she transferred toAssumption Convent for her first year of high school. Afterwards, she went to the United States to finish her secondary education. There she continued her college education. She went to theCollege of Mount Saint Vincent in New York City, where she majored in Mathematics and French. During her stay in the United States, Aquino volunteered for the campaign of U.S. Republican presidential candidate Thomas Dewey against then Democrat U.S. President Harry S. Truman during the 1948 U.S. Presidential Election. After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines to study law at the Far Eastern University (owned by the in-laws of her elder sister, Josephine Reyes) for one year. She married Sen.Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., son of the late Speaker Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. and a grandson of General Servillano Aquino. The couple had five children: Marà ­a Elena (born August 18, 1955), Aurora Corazà ³n (born December 27, 1957), Benigno Simeon III (born February 8, 1960), Victoria Elisa (born October 27, 1961) and Kristina Bernadette (born February 14, 1971). Corazà ³n Aquino had difficulty initially adjusting to provincial life when she and her husband moved to Concepcion, Tarlac in 1955. Aquino found herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inside the American military facility at nearby Clark Field. A member of the Liberal Party, Aquino’s husband Ninoy rose to become the youngest  governor in the country and eventually became the youngest senator ever elected in the Senate of the Philippines in 1967. During her husband’s political career, Aquino remained a housewife who helped raise their children and played hostess to her spouse’s political allies who would frequent their Quezon City home. She would decline to join her husband on stage during campaign rallies, preferring instead to stand at the back of the audience and listen to him. Unknown to many, she voluntarily sold some of her prized inheritance to fund the candidacy of her husband. She led a modest existence in a bungalow in suburban Quezon City. Ninoy Aquino soon emerged as a leading critic of the government of President Ferdinand Marcos. He was then touted as a strong candidate for president to succeed Marcos in the 1973 elections. However, Marcos, being barred by the Constitution to seek a third term, declared martial law on September 21, 1972, and later abolished the existing 1935 Constitution, thereby allowing him to remain in office. As a consequence, her husband was among those to be first arrested at the onset of martial law, later being sentenced to death. During his incarceration, Ninoy sought strength from prayer, attending daily mass and saying the rosary three times a day. As a measure of sacrifice and solidarity with her husband and all other political prisoners, she enjoined her children from attending parties and she also stopped going to the beauty salon or buying new clothes until a priest advised her and her children to instead live as normal lives as possible. In 1978, despite her initial opposition, Ninoy decided to run in the 1978 Batasang Pambansa elections. A reluctant speaker, Corazà ³n Aquino campaigned in behalf of her husband, and for the first time in her life delivered a political speech. In 1980, upon the intervention of U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Marcos allowed Senator Aquino and his family to leave for exile in the United States, where he sought medical treatment.[4] The family settled in Boston, and Aquino would later call the next three years as the happiest days of her marriage and family life. On August 21, 1983, however, Ninoy ended his stay in the United States and returned without his family to the Philippines, only to be assassinated on a staircase leading to the tarmac of the Manila International Airport, which was later renamed in his honor (see Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.). Corazà ³n Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and led her husband’s funeral procession, in  which more than two million people joined the procession. Following her husband’s assassination in 1983, Aquino became active and visible in various demonstrations and protests held against the Marcos regime. She began to assume the mantle of leadership left by her husband Ninoy and started to become the symbolic figurehead of the anti-Marcos political opposition. In the last week of November 1985, Marcos surprised the nation by announcing on American television that he would hold a snap presidential election in February 1986, in order to dispel and remove doubts against his regime’s legitimacy and authority. Reluctant at first, Aquino was eventually prevailed upon to heed the people’s clamor, after one million signatures urging her to run for president were presented to her. Despite this, the erstwhile favorite opposite candidate, Laurel, did not immediately give way to his close friend’s widow. Laurel was only convinced to run as Aquino’s Vice President upon the urging of the influential Manila Cardinal Archbishop Jaime Sin. As a compromise, Aquino agreed to run under Laurel’s machinery, the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), then the country’s largest opposition party. With that, the Aquino-Laurel tandem was formally launched to challenge Marcos and finally put an end to his twenty-year martial rule. In the subsequent political developments and events, Marcos charged that Aquino was being supported by communists and agreed to share power with them once elected into power. A political novice, Aquino categorically denied Marcos’ charge and even stated that she would not appoint a single communist to her cabinet. Running on the offensive, the ailing Marcos also accused Aquino of playing â€Å"political football† with the United States with respect to the continued United States military presence in the Philippines at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Base. Further, the male strongman derided Aquino’s womanhood, by saying that she was â€Å"just a woman† whose place was in the bedroom. In response to her opponent’s sexist remark, Aquino simply remarked that â€Å"may the better woman win in this election.† Marcos also attacked Aquino’s inexperience and warned the country that it would be a disaster if a woman like her with no previous political experience would be elected president; to which Aquino cleverly and sarcastically responded, admitting that she had â€Å"no experience in cheating, lying to the public, stealing government money, and killing political opponents.† The snap election called by Marcos which was held on February 7, 1986 was marred by massive electoral fraud, violence, intimidation, coercion and disenfranchisement of voters. Election Day proved to be bloody as one of Aquino’s staunchest allies Antique Governor Evelio Javier was brutally murdered, allegedly by one of Marcos’ supporters in his province. Further, during the counting and tallying of votes conducted by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), 30 poll computer technicians walked out to dispute and contest the alleged election-rigging done in favor of Marcos. Despite this, the Batasang Pambansa, which was dominated by allies of the ruling party, declared President Marcos as the winner in the recently concluded snap presidential election on February 15, 1986. In protest to the declaration of the Philippine parliament, Aquino called for a rally dubbed â€Å"Tagumpay ng Bayan† (People’s Victory Rally) the following day, during which she claimed that she was the real winner in the snap election and urged Filipinos to boycott the products and services by companies controlled or owned by Marcos’ cronies. The rally held at the historic Rizal Park in Luneta, Manila drew a mammoth-sized crowd, which sent a strong signal that Filipinos were already growing tired of Marcos’ two decade-rule. Further, the dubious election results drew sharp reactions from both local quarters and foreign countries. The Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines issued a statement strongly criticizing the conduct of the election which was characterized by violence and fraud. The United States Senate condemned the election. Aquino rejected a power-sharing agreement proposed by the American diplomatPhilip Habib, who had been sent as an emissary by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to help defuse the tension. After weeks of tension following the disputed outcome of the snap election, disgruntled and reformist military officers, led by then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and General Fidel V. Ramos, surprised the entire nation and the whole world when they announced their defection from President Marcos and their strong belief that Aquino was the real winner in the presidential election on February 22, 1986. Upon the urging and encouragement of the activist Cardinal Archbishop of Manila Jaime Sin, millions of Filipinos trooped to Camp Aguinaldo along Epifanio De los Santos Avenue (EDSA), where Enrile and Ramos have been holding operations, to give their moral support and prayers for the reformist soldiers. At that time, Aquino was meditating in a Carmelite convent in Cebu. Upon learning of the defection, Aquino called on  Filipinos to rally behind Minister Enrile and General Ramos. Later on, Aquino flew back to Manila in order to prepare to assume the presidency upon the ouster of Marcos. Finally, to the amazement and admiration of the entire world, after twenty years of martial rule, Ferdinand Marcos was driven out from power and Corazà ³n Aquino was formally and peacefully sworn in as the new president of a freed and liberated Philippines on February 25, 1986, a historic event which is now known and remembered as the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution. In Presidency, the triumph of the peaceful People Power Revolution and the ascension of Corazà ³n Aquino into power signaled the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines and the dawning of a new era for Filipinos. The relatively peaceful manner by which Aquino came into power drew international acclaim and admiration not only for her but for the Filipino people, as well. During the first months of Aquino’s presidency, the country experienced radical changes and sweeping democratic reforms. One of Aquino’s first moves was the creation of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked to go after the Marcos ill-gotten wealth. Aquino, being a revolutionary president by virtue of people power, abolished the 1973 â€Å"Marcos Constitution† and dissolved the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang Pambansa, despite the advice of her vice-president and only prime minister Salvador Laurel. She also immediately created a Constitutional Commission, which she directed for the drafting of a new constitution for the nation. Immediately after assuming the presidency, President Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, which established a revolutionary government. She abolished the 1973 Constitution that was in force during martial law, and instead promulgated the provisional 1986 Freedom Constitution, pending the ratification of a new Constitution by the people. This allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative powers until the ratification of the new Philippine Constitution and the establishment of a new Congress in 1987. Aquino promulgated two landmark legal codes, namely, the Family Code of 1987, which reformed the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government. Another landmark law that was enacted during her tenure was the 1991 Local  Government Code, which devolved national government powers to local government units (LGUs). The new Code enhanced the power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them of a share in the national revenue. Aquino closed down the Marcos-dominated Batasang Pambansa to prevent the new Marcos loyalist opposition from undermining her democratic reforms and reorganized the membership of the Supreme Court to restore its independence. In May 1986, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as â€Å"not merely a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government†, whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the restoration of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (â€Å"Con-Com†), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muà ±oz-Palma. The Con-Com completed its final draft in October 1986. On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which put strong emphasis on civil liberties, human rights and social justice, was overwhelmingly approved by the Filipino people. As soon as she assumed the presidency of the Philippines, Aquino moved quickly to tackle the issue of the US$26 billion foreign debt incurred by her predecessor, which has badly tarnished the international credit standing and economic reputation of the country. After weighing all possible options such as choosing not to pay, Aquino eventually chose to honor all the debts that were previously incurred in order to clear the country’s image. Her decision proved to be unpopular but Aquino defended that it was the most practical move. It was crucial for the country at that time to regain the investors’ confidence in the Philippine economy. Since 1986, the Aquino administration has paid off $4 billion of the country’s outstanding debts to regain good international credit ratings and attract the attention of future markets. Nevertheless, the administration borrowed an additional $9 billion, increasing the national debt by $5 billion within six years time since the ouster of former President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986. Further, recognizing how crony capitalism zapped out the economy due to collusion between government and big business and adhering to the Catholic social principle of subsidiarity, President Aquino set out on a course of market liberalization agenda while at the same time emphasizing solidarity, people  empowerment and civic engagement to help alleviate poverty in the country. The Aquino administration also sought to bring back fiscal discipline in order as it aimed to trim down the government’s budget deficit that ballooned during Marcos’ term through privatization of bad government assets and deregulation of many vital industries. As president, Aquino sought out to dismantle the cartels, monopolies and oligopolies of important industries that were set up by Marcos cronies during the dark days of Martial Law, particularly in the sugar and coconut industries. By discarding these monopolies and allowing market-led prices and competition, small farmers and producers were given a fair chance to sell their produce and products at a more reasonable, competitive and profitable price. This, in a way, also helped a lot in improving the lot of farmers who are in dire need of increasing their personal income and earnings. It was also during Aquino’s time that vital economic laws such as the Built-Operate-Transfer Law, Foreign Investments Act and the Consumer Protection and Welfare Act were enacted. The economy posted a positive growth of 3.4% during her first year in office. But in the aftermath of the 1989 coup attempt by the rightist Reform the Armed Forces Movement, the Philippine economy remained stagnant. In her final year in office, inflation was raging at 17%, and unemployment was slightly over 10%, higher than the Marcos years. Overall, the economy under Aquino had an average growth of 3.8% from 1986 to 1992. Soon after taking office, Aquino declared that the presence of US military forces in the Philippines was an affront to national sovereignty. She ordered the United States military to vacate U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay and Clark Air Base. The US objected, pointing that they had leased the property and the leases were still in effect. Also, thousands of Filipinos worked at these military facilities and they would lose their jobs and the Filipino economy would suffer if the US Military moved out. The US stated that the facilities at Subic Bay were unequaled anywhere in Southeast Asia and a US pull out could make all of that region of the world vulnerable to an incursion by the Soviet Union or by a resurgent Japan. She refused to back down and insisted that the USA get out. The matter was still being debated when Mount Pinatubo erupted in June 1991, covering the entire area with volcanic ash. The destruction to the bases was so severe that the US decided that it would best to pull out after all, so the bases were closed and the United States  departed. President Aquino envisioned agrarian and land reform as the centerpiece of her administration’s social legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a privileged daughter of a wealthy and landed clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda. On February 22, 1987, three weeks after the resounding ratification of the 1987 Constitution, agrarian workers and farmers marched to the historic Mendiola Street near the Malacaà ±an Palace to demand genuine land reform from Aquino’s administration. However, the march turned violent when Marine forces fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police. As a result, 12 farmers were killed and 19 were injured in this incident now known as the Mendiola Massacre. This incident led some prominent members of the Aquino Cabinet to resign their government posts. In response to calls for agrarian reform, President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on July 22, 1987, which outlined her land reform program, which included sugar lands. In 1988, with the backing of Aquino, the new Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 6657, more popularly known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law.† The law paved the way for the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners, who were paid in exchange by the government through just compensation but were also allowed to retain not more than five hectares of land. However, corporate landowners were also allowed under the law to â€Å"voluntarily divest a proportion of their capital stock, equity or participation in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries†, in lieu of turning over their land to the government for redistribution. Despite the flaws in the law, the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality in 1989, declaring that the implementation of the comprehensive agrarian reform program provided by the said law, was â€Å"a revolutionary kind of expropriation.† Despite the implementation of CARP, Aquino was not spared from the controversies that eventually centered on Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453-hectare estate located in the Province of Tarlac, which she, together with her siblings inherited from her father Jose Cojuangco (Don Pepe) Critics argued that Aquino bowed to pressure from relatives by allowing stock redistribution under Executive Order 229. Canadian International Prize for Freedom, International Democracy Award from the International Association of Political Consultants on 1986. Prize For Freedom Award from Liberal International on 1987. In 1993 she achieved the Special Peace Award from the Aurora Aragon Quezon Peace Awards Foundation and Concerned Women of the Philippines. She also achieved Path to Peace Award on 1995. J. Willia Fullbright Prize for International Understanding from the U.S Department of State. Also Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding and Pearl S. Buck on 1998. In 1999, she achieved One of Time Magazine’s 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century. World Citizenship Award on 2001. In 2005, she also achieved the David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Awards and One of the World’s Elite Women Who Make a Difference by the International Women’s Forum Hall of Fame. One of Time Magazine’s 65 Asian Heroes on 2006. One of Different View’s 15 Champions of World Democracy on 2008. Aquino also achieved the EWC Asia Pacific Community Building Award, Women’s International Center International Leadership Living Legacy Award, Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize, and United Nations Development Fund for Women Noel Foundation Life Award.